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◎陳成良
Cigarette pack warnings that remind smokers of the fatal consequences of their habit may actually make them smoke more as a way to cope with the inevitability of death, according to researchers.
香菸包裝盒上的警語提醒吸菸者他們的習慣會帶來致命後果，事實上可能使他們抽更多菸，以應對難免的一死，據研究人員表示。
A small study by psychologists from the United States, Switzerland and Germany showed that warnings unrelated to death, such as "smoking makes you unattractive" or "smoking brings you and the people around you severe damage," were more effective in changing smokers’ attitudes toward their habit.
美國、瑞士與德國心理學家聯合進行的小型研究顯示，與死亡無關的警語，諸如「抽菸讓你毫無吸引力」或「抽菸帶給你及周圍的人嚴重傷害」，更有效改變吸菸者對抽菸習慣的態度。
This was especially the case in people who smoked to boost their self-esteem, such as youth who took up the habit to impress or fit in with their peers and others who thought smoking increased their social value, the researchers said.
在以抽菸來提高自尊心的人群當中，該現象尤為明顯；如一些養成抽菸習慣來突出自己或為融入同儕而抽菸的年輕人，或其他一些認為抽菸可以提高社會價值的人，研究人員說。
"One the one hand, death-related warnings were not effective and even ironically caused more positive smoking attitudes among smokers who based their self-esteem on smoking," the study said.
「一方面來說，與死亡相關的警語不會收效，諷刺的是，甚至會刺激那些因自尊心而抽菸的人持更正面抽菸態度」，該研究說。
"On the other hand, warning messages that were unrelated to death effectively reduced smoking attitudes the more recipients based their self-esteem on smoking."
「而另一方面，與死亡無關的警告訊息，有效降低那些較依賴抽菸建立自尊者的吸菸態度。」
新聞辭典
remind of：片語，提醒。例句：I remind him of his promise.（我提醒他許下的諾言。 )
cope with：片語，意指對付、應付或處理，with後面接名詞。例句：There was more work than I could cope with.（工作多到超過我可以勝任的範圍。 )
self-esteem：名詞，自尊。例句：He regains his self-esteem. （他重拾自尊心。 )
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