趙亮:中國為什麼不敢加入國際刑事法院

趙亮

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【大紀元9月4日訊】國際刑事法院是一個獨立的常設法院﹐有權對那些嚴重違犯國際人道法規﹐犯下戰爭罪﹑危害人類罪﹑和滅絕種族罪的個人進行偵查和審判。與設在“黑葛”的國際法庭(the International Court of Justice in The Hague)不同之處在于﹐國際刑事法院可以審判犯罪個人﹐而國際法庭只處理國家之間的官司。國際刑事法院的建立依據是“羅馬公約”。該公約由聯合國外交大會在1998年7月17日于羅馬通過。

自今年(2002年)7月1日﹐國際刑事法院正式生效並從聯合國分離出來。這一天標誌着從此以後發生的滅絕種族罪﹑戰爭罪﹑和危害人類罪﹐國際刑事法院有權對被指控責任者進行偵查和審判。國際刑事法院常設于荷蘭的海牙﹐目前(2000年8月)已有78個成員國。

中國積極參與法院籌備委員會的會議﹐但是卻不肯簽署羅馬公約。2002年7月10日在安理會上的一個聲明中﹐中國代表聲稱﹐“儘管中國尚未成為國際刑事法院的成員國﹐我們支持國際刑事法院的獨立﹑公正﹑和全面性。我們一直支持國際刑事法院的籌建﹐而且會繼續緊密觀察其運作。”

為什麼中國不肯簽署羅馬公約而拒絕成為國際刑事法院的成員國呢﹖原因其實很簡單。如果我們把羅馬公約中關於“危害人類罪”的定義與江澤民三年來對法輪功的所作所為進行比較﹐不難看出江澤民是第一個應當被國際刑事法院審判的。而且江澤民對法輪功的犯罪還在繼續﹐他當然不敢簽署羅馬公約。可以百分之百地預測﹐只要江澤民一天還在掌控大權﹐中國就一天不可能簽署羅馬公約。

國際刑事法院審判的依據就是羅馬公約。此公約(包括中文在內的多種語言的譯文版)可以在互聯網上找到﹐網址是﹕http://www.preventgenocide.org/law/icc/statute/languages.htm 。

為了方便讀者﹐羅馬公約的第六條“滅絕種族罪”和第七條“危害人類罪”附于此文後面。江澤民在“消滅”法輪功時犯下的種種罪行﹐包括 1)謀殺(至今記錄在案的已有460名以上的法輪功學員在這場迫害中喪生)﹐ 2)奴役(數以萬計的法輪功學員被關押于勞教所被迫做奴隸式的勞動)﹐3)監禁(法輪功學員被判刑﹑送勞教所﹑甚至關進精神病院)﹐4)酷刑(在洗腦班﹐在拘留所﹐在勞教所﹐對法輪功學員施以酷刑的現像非常普遍)﹐ 5)強姦(有數份報告記錄了在勞教所管教的唆使下犯人強姦女法輪功學員的事例)﹐以及6)其他不人道行為例如洗腦﹐都夠的上是羅馬公約中定義的危害人類罪。事實上﹐江澤民用酷刑和殺戮來達到其“消滅”法輪功的目的﹐已經在犯下滅絕種族罪。

附﹕羅馬公約第六﹑第七條文

第六條
滅絕种族罪
為了本規約的目的,“滅絕种族罪”是指蓄意全部或局部消滅某一民族、族裔、种族或宗教團體而實施的下列任何一种行為:
1. 殺害該團體的成員;
2. 致使該團體的成員在身體上或精神上遭受嚴重傷害;
3. 故意使該團體處于某种生活狀況下,毀滅其全部或局部的生命;
4. 強制施行辦法,意圖防止該團體內的生育;
5. 強迫轉移該團體的儿童至另一團體。

第七條
危害人類罪
(一) 為了本規約的目的,“危害人類罪”是指在廣泛或有系統地針對任何平民人口進行的攻擊中,在明知這一攻擊的情況下,作為攻擊的一部分而實施的下列任何一种行為:
1. 謀殺;
2. 滅絕;
3. 奴役;
4. 驅逐出境或強行遷移人口;
5. 違反國際法基本規則,監禁或以其他方式嚴重剝奪人身自由;
6. 酷刑;
7. 強奸、性奴役、強迫賣淫、強迫怀孕、強迫絕育或嚴重程度相當的任何其他形式的性暴力;
8. 基于政治、种族、民族、族裔、文化、宗教、第三款所界定的性別,或根据公認為國際法不容的其他理由,對任何可以識別的團體或集體進行迫害,而且与任何一种本款提及的行為或任何一种本法院管轄權內的犯罪結合發生;
9. 強迫人員失蹤;
10. 种族隔离罪;
11. 故意造成重大痛苦,或對人體或身心健康造成嚴重傷害的其他性質相同的不人道行為。

(二) 為了第一款的目的:
1. “針對任何平民人口進行的攻擊”是指根据國家或組織攻擊平民人口的政策,或為了推行這种政策,針對任何平民人口多次實施第一款所述行為的行為過程;
2. “滅絕”包括故意施加某种生活狀況,如斷絕糧食和藥品來源,目的是毀滅部分的人口;
3. “奴役”是指對一人行使附屬于所有權的任何或一切權力,包括在販賣人口,特別是販賣婦女和儿童的過程中行使這种權力;
4. “驅逐出境或強行遷移人口”是指在缺乏國際法容許的理由的情況下,以驅逐或其他脅迫行為,強迫有關的人遷离其合法留在的地區;
5. “酷刑”是指故意致使在被告人羈押或控制下的人的身體或精神遭受重大痛苦;但酷刑不應包括純因合法制裁而引起的,或這种制裁所固有或附帶的痛苦;
6. “強迫怀孕”是指以影響任何人口的族裔构成的目的,或以進行其他嚴重違反國際法的行為的目的,非法禁閉被強迫怀孕的婦女。本定義不得以任何方式解釋為影響國內關于妊娠的法律;
7. “迫害”是指違反國際法規定,針對某一團體或集體的特性,故意和嚴重地剝奪基本權利;
8. “种族隔离罪”是指一個种族團體對任何其他一個或多個种族團體,在一個有計划地實行壓迫和統治的體制化制度下,實施性質与第一款所述行為相同的不人道行為,目的是維持該制度的存在;
9. “強迫人員失蹤”是指國家或政治組織直接地,或在其同意、支持或默許下,逮捕、羈押或綁架人員,繼而拒絕承認這种剝奪自由的行為,或拒絕透露有關人員的命運或下落,目的是將其長期置于法律保護之外。

(三) 為了本規約的目的,“性別”一詞應被理解為是指社會上的男女兩性。“性別”一詞僅反映上述意思。
==============================
以下為本文英文譯文﹕

WHY CHINA NOT SIGN IN THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT

The International Criminal Court (ICC) is a permanent court that has the power to investigate and bring to justice individuals who commit the most serious violations of international humanitarian law, namely war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide. Unlike the International Court of Justice in The Hague (a.k.a., the World Court), in which only states can bring suits against one another, the ICC will have the capacity to try individuals. The ICC was created on the basis of the Rome Statute, a treaty adopted in Rome on July 17, 1998 at the United Nations diplomatic conference.

On July 1, 2002 ICC came into force and officially separated from the United Nations. This date marked the beginning of the Court’s jurisdiction over individuals accused of genocide, war crimes, or other crimes against humanity.
China actively participates in the Preparatory Commission meetings, but China has not signed the Rome Statute. In a statement at the Security Council on 10 July 2002, a representative of China remarked, “Although China is not yet a state party to the International Criminal Court, we support the independence, impartiality, and competence of the ICC that enjoys universality. We have continued to actively participate in the establishment of the ICC and will continue to follow closely its operation.”

Why China does not want to ratify the Rome Statue and become a state party to the International Criminal Court? The reason is very simple. If one compares the definition for the crimes against humanity with what Jiang Zemin did to Falun Gong practitioners in the past three years, it is easy to find that Jiang Zemin should be the first person to put on tried in ICC. We can predict that China will not ratify the Rome Statue as long as Jiang Zemin is still in control of the power.

Rome Statue is the “Law” according to which ICC conducts its trial. Rome Statue can be found on the internet http://www.preventgenocide.org/law/icc/statute/languages.htm in several language translations. For the ease of readers, Article 6: Genocide and Article 7: Crimes Against Humanity are attached at the end of this article. The crimes Jiang Zemin has committed in his effort to “eradicate” Falun Gong, including 1) murder (it has documented more than 460 practitioners lost life due to the persecution), 2) Enslavement (tens of thousands Falun Gong practitioners have been sent into labor camps and forced to do slave labor), 3) imprisonment (practitioners have been jailed, sent to slave labor camps, or been locked up in mental hospitals), 4) torture (wide spread physical torture in “transform” classes, in detention centers, and in labor camps), 5) rape (several reports have documented rape of female practitioners by inmates who were encouraged by guards in the labor camps), and 6) other types of inhumane acts such as brainwashing, all rise to the degree of the Crime Against Humanity as defined in Rome Statue. The fact that Jiang Zemin using torture and killing to eradicate Falun Gong indicates he is committing the Genocide.

Article 6: Genocide

For the purpose of this Statute, “genocide” means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such:
(a) Killing members of the group;
(b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;
(c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part;
(d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;
(e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.

Article 7: Crimes against humanity
1. For the purpose of this Statute, “crime against humanity” means any of the following acts when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against any civilian population, with knowledge of the attack:
(a) Murder;
(b) Extermination;
(c) Enslavement;
(d) Deportation or forcible transfer of population;
(e) Imprisonment or other severe deprivation of physical liberty in violation of fundamental rules of international law;
(f) Torture;
(g) Rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization, or any other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity;
(h) Persecution against any identifiable group or collectivity on political, racial, national, ethnic, cultural, religious, gender as defined in paragraph 3, or other grounds that are universally recognized as impermissible under international law, in connection with any act referred to in this paragraph or any crime within the jurisdiction of the Court;
(i) Enforced disappearance of persons;
(j) The crime of apartheid;
(k) Other inhumane acts of a similar character intentionally causing great suffering, or serious injury to body or to mental or physical health.

2. For the purpose of paragraph 1:
(a) “Attack directed against any civilian population” means a course of conduct involving the multiple commission of acts referred to in paragraph 1 against any civilian population, pursuant to or in furtherance of a State or organizational policy to commit such attack;
(b) “Extermination” includes the intentional infliction of conditions of life, inter alia the deprivation of access to food and medicine, calculated to bring about the destruction of part of a population;
(c) “Enslavement” means the exercise of any or all of the powers attaching to the right of ownership over a person and includes the exercise of such power in the course of trafficking in persons, in particular women and children;
(d) “Deportation or forcible transfer of population” means forced displacement of the persons concerned by expulsion or other coercive acts from the area in which they are lawfully present, without grounds permitted under international law;
(e) “Torture” means the intentional infliction of severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, upon a person in the custody or under the control of the accused; except that torture shall not include pain or suffering arising only from, inherent in or incidental to, lawful sanctions;
(f) “Forced pregnancy” means the unlawful confinement of a woman forcibly made pregnant, with the intent of affecting the ethnic composition of any population or carrying out other grave violations of international law. This definition shall not in any way be interpreted as affecting national laws relating to pregnancy;
(g) “Persecution” means the intentional and severe deprivation of fundamental rights contrary to international law by reason of the identity of the group or collectivity;
(h) “The crime of apartheid” means inhumane acts of a character similar to those referred to in paragraph 1, committed in the context of an institutionalized regime of systematic oppression and domination by one racial group over any other racial group or groups and committed with the intention of maintaining that regime;
(i) “Enforced disappearance of persons” means the arrest, detention or abduction of persons by, or with the authorization, support or acquiescence of, a State or a political organization, followed by a refusal to acknowledge that deprivation of freedom or to give information on the fate or whereabouts of those persons, with the intention of removing them from the protection of the law for a prolonged period of time.
3. For the purpose of this Statute, it is understood that the term “gender” refers to the two sexes, male and female, within the context of society. The term “gender” does not indicate any meaning different from the above.

(http://www.dajiyuan.com)

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